skin integrity in the elderly

Sepsis - Also in severe and rare cases, a pressure wound might lead to sepsis. Cellulitis - Cellulitis is an infection that affects the skin, and the soft tissue connected to the skin. What you eat on a regular basis might be one of the single biggest factors to influence your health, and that includes skin health. Impaired sensation - Impaired sensation in the skin can cause your care patient to ignore skin discomfort or prolonged pressure, making them more vulnerable to the condition progressing further without treatment. If they become isolated, it could also affect their mental health. To maintain proper hydration, drink plenty of water, and eat a lot of fruits and vegetables to get minerals like potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Common Skin Conditions in the Elderly Wrinkles re the most visible sign of aging skin. If the pressure sores progress beyond stage 1, one may experience the following symptoms. When you don’t properly maintain your skin integrity, it can result in numerous circumstances. As skin ages, the junction between the epidermis and dermis thins a… For seniors that you might be caring for, one of the biggest complications arising from loss of skin health is the greater risk of pressure wounds. As a caregiver, you can play a critical role in helping your patient or family member promote skin integrity. High risk patients require skin inspection at least once per shift in addition to admission to a ward or transfer to another facility. If left untreated, the skin overlying edema can become stretched, increasing the risk of damage. If you have a skin injury or have been exposed to environmental factors such as radiation, you may be at risk for impaired skin integrity. 2 These changes can make skin more susceptible to injury and infections. In general, keep an eye out for the following symptoms and warning signs for pressure wounds. The bony areas of the body, such as shoulder blades, hip bones, ankles, etc., are typically at a higher risk of pressure wounds. A pressure wound (also called a pressure sore, bed sore or pressure ulcer) is an injury to the skin and surrounding tissue. That means you can get CDPAP wherever you are in New York. Previous pressure injuries or skin tears Understanding best practices in addressing skin integrity issues can promote positive outcomes with the elderly. A pressure wound (also called a pressure sore, bed sore or pressure ulcer) is an injury to the skin and surrounding tissue. Offer to do their shopping, and if possible, to help with the meal preparation process. More than 70% of the older population has skin conditions. Depending on your level of mobility, try to get as much exercise or movement as possible. Nutritional factors that can help maintain skin integrity: Stay hydrated. Luckily, there are steps you can take, such as enjoying a nutritious diet or practicing good hygiene, and risk factors you can monitor to keep your skin feeling healthy. Dry skin is itchy and this can lead to scratching and skin breakdown. 1. Their skin can be extremely fragile, but there are a few things you can do to help maintain good skin integrity and prevent skin breakdown. Signs of healthy ageing skin include thinning, sagging, wrinkling and the appearance of age spots, broken blood vessels and areas of dryness. Try some of the tips mentioned in this article to prevent conditions like pressure wounds, and to help your senior family members enjoy their golden years with healthy and vibrant skin. But skin integrity is important for reasons beyond preventing bedsores, like the following: Protection - The skin is the largest organ and the outermost layer of the body, and it is responsible for protecting you from various factors like temperature changes, environmental chemicals, and more. Movement promotes better circulation, which will help maintain skin integrity. Encourage your relative to stick to healthy food options to promote skin integrity. A dermatologist can evaluate the condition of your skin, the risk of severe infections like pressure wounds, and recommend a treatment or maintenance plan accordingly. To learn more about our home care services, Skin integrity refers to skin health. Or perhaps you can join exercise classes aimed at older adults at your local senior center. Hydration is also vital in the wound healing process. The loss of natural moisturising factors in the older person’s skin also reduces skin hydration and causes it to become dry and flaky. They follow chronic sun exposure and form when the skin loses its flexibility. Ensuring skin integrity in the elderly requires a team approach and includes the individual, caregivers, and clinicians. Extremes of age - After a certain age, skin moisture levels decrease, causing dry and flaky skin, as well as a higher risk of skin damage. Here are some of the early symptoms of pressure wounds, also known as stage 1 pressure ulcers. Experienced caregivers offer their best suggestions for maintaining skin integrity and health. Also, try to eat a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables to include a range of micronutrients. As we just explained in detail in the previous section, pressure ulcers can develop into a serious medical condition. Identify the different types of skin breakdown. With advancing age, these functions are increasingly impaired. Adv Skin Wound Care. Or Enroll Now! But for the elderly, especially ones who fall in the risk categories mentioned in this article, the loss of skin health can cause serious conditions like pressure ulcers. Chemical skin irritants - Some people have skin that is sensitive to specific chemicals like certain detergents, soaps, dyes, adhesives, etc. https://www.freedomcareny.com/posts/skin-integrity-in-older-adults Make sure to include plenty of high quality proteins and healthy fats in your diet. Here are some risk factors for impaired skin integrity. She has had venous ulcers for the past JANUARY 2017 e C LI N I CAL MANAG E M E NTxtra ADVANCES IN SKIN & WOUND CARE & VOL. Moisture - The skin plays a vital role in maintaining optimal moisture levels within the body to keep you adequately hydrated. Skin integrity relates to skin health. This is often referred to as the loss of skin integrity. We will also cover what you can do as a care provider to help your senior family member or client to maintain skin integrity, as well as to help in the skin healing process if necessary. Immobility - Patients who suffer from mobility issues, whether due to a disability, obesity, or another underlying condition, are more likely to experience pressure wounds. With aging, there are a variety of factors that can contribute to poor skin integrity. Unfortunately, as we age, our skin health gradually starts to deteriorate due to several reasons, and it becomes less effective in its protective role. If you have an elderly family member or relative that needs care, you can provide caregiving services and get compensated through Medicaid. Keeping the skin moisturized is important for skin health regardless of age. Some skin care products, often in the form of a spray or a towelette, create a clear, protective film over the skin. Thin skin on the arms and legs is often quite normal for elderly people. Skin integrity in the elderly is compromised, and safety concerns are increased with the long-term use of any medication prescribed. This is because their immobility might cause them to spend prolonged periods in one position, resulting in too much pressure on certain joints and the skin in that area. Shower or bathe using warm water as needed. Seniors have thinner, more delicate skin, and incontinence and a sedentary lifestyle can easily lead to skin breakdown. The point is to get as much movement as your health and fitness level allows. Wound healing may be up to 4 times slower. And the best way to prevent pressure wounds is to maintain optimal skin health and integrity. Quality of life - Unhealthy skin can become dry and flaky, and it can cause pain and itchiness. The aging process, both for the skin and in general, varies from person to person, and it can depend on the following factors, among others. Many older people suffer from dry spots on their skin, often on … Maintaining skin integrity is a vital aspect of the healthy aging process. Describe several ways to prevent skin breakdown. Here are some of the things that older adults and their caregivers can do to maintain and promote skin integrity. 1 Thus, it is not surprising that most of these dermatoses are less common in older adults. That could mean helping them do some stretches on the bed, or it could be that you drive them to the park for a walk or jog. Along with a healthy diet, you can make sure that your family member stays adequately hydrated. A skin integrity issue might mean the skin is damaged, vulnerable to injury or unable to heal normally. In these situations, it might be best to assist them periodically and help them shift positions to avoid too much pressure on one part of the skin. As you can see, bedsores or pressure ulcers can potentially have some severe consequences, especially in those with underlying conditions and suppressed immunity. Pressure ulcers can be caused by skin changes, loss of the fat layer, reduced activity, poor nutrition, and illnesses. It receives one third of the body’s blood circulation. contact our caregiving team today online or call us at 3. Shift positions - If your relative or friend suffers from mobility issues and they spend a lot of time in bed or a wheelchair, you can help them shift positions periodically. Eating a diet full of beneficial vitamins and minerals will not only benefit your skin, but also your overall wellness. 5. Regardless of whether you have damaged skin or not, you should maintain a proper skincare routine to promote skin integrity. Skin becomes thinner and naturally dryer, making it much easier to damage and dry out. If you’re caring for an older adult who falls under one or more of the higher risk categories listed below, you should check and inquire about their skin health regularly. The skin is the largest organ of our body, covering 18 square feet and weighing approximately 12 pounds. Regular inspection - Frequently inspect your senior relative’s skin for any warning signs of pressure wounds. Request PDF | Maintaining Skin Integrity in the Aged: A Systematic Review. In addition, the prevalence of polypharmacy in the aged population substantially increases the risk of cutaneous drug reactions, which can profoundly complicate accurate diagnosis of dermatologic disorders. The twenty-first century clinician has several online, evidence-based tools to assist with optimal treatment plans. Specifically, vitamin K, C, A, and E are great for skin health, along with minerals like zinc, iron, and copper. Some age-related skin changes can be reduced – limit sun exposure, don’t smoke, avoid harsh skin irritants and moisturise regularly. KEYWORDS: falls risk, older adults, skin integrity, chronic wounds ADV SKIN WOUND CARE 2017;30:40–6. It might also be a good idea to schedule a visit with a dermatologist to get a skin health evaluation. In severe cases, the bone infection can affect the cartilage and even impact the function of limbs and joints. Skin hygiene is essential for skin health and important in promoting personal wellbeing. To learn more about our home care services, Chemical skin irritants (i.e, adhesives, soaps, formaldehyde, hair dyes), Mechanical factors (e.g., pressure, shear, friction), Mechanical trauma (e.g., scratches, skin tear, surgical incision), Eat a balanced diet that includes protein, healthy fats, vitamins (A, C, E, and K), and minerals (zinc, iron, and copper), Shower and/or bathe with warm water as needed (hot water and frequent bathing increases dry skin and skin irritation) and use mild soaps without perfumes or dyes, Apply non-greasy lotion on your body after a bath or shower, Check your skin regularly for changes and report them to your medical professional, Use sunblock with SPF 15 or higher in addition to wearing hats and light clothing during summer months and use a humidifier during the winter months, If an individual is bedridden, turn and reposition them every two hours to prevent pressure on the body’s bony areas, Diabetics should especially uphold good foot skincare to limit cracking, which could lead to infections. Older people are at risk of skin damage, as changes that can occur to skin as it ages can affect its integrity, making it more vulnerable to damage, and to the development of a pressure injury or skin tears 1. What you should specifically do will vary depending on the current skin health of the person you’re caring for. 9. With age, it becomes more important to take care of … Lack of moisture - Lack of adequate moisture in the skin could cause it to become dry, flaky, and itchy, and overall skin health could suffer. Maintaining skin integrity equals maintaining skin health, and this includes people of any age. The first thing you should do for your skin health is to consult with a dermatologist. If you’re caring for a senior who falls into one or more of the following risk categories, be sure to pay extra attention to their skin health and regularly check for pressure wounds. According to the Mayo Clinic, more than half of adults over age 40 have dry skin. Make sure you are getting enough Vitamin A, C, E, K and minerals zinc, iron and copper. Many people don’t think of their skin as a protective organ. means any injuries to the skin may be slow to heal and regulation of body temperature is not as effective. To maintain skin integrity, it’s important for older adults to take a few steps. The first thing you need to do is educate yourself about senior skin care. We will discuss below how to include nutrients in the diet to promote healthy skin in older adults. Not to mention, skin plays a vital role in one’s appearance, which may impact your self-image and quality of life. The UV light from sunlight damages elastin, which is the elastic tissue that is responsible for the plump look in youthful skin. ●       Warm, spongy, or hard skin patches - Watch out for these symptoms, especially if there is no explanation for them. Here are a few common skin conditions elderly people experience. Here are a few common skin conditions elderly people experience. Here are some things you can do on a regular basis. For right now I will put emphasis on the elderly and the immobile. But be sure to only use sunscreens that are either approved or recommended by their dermatologist to avoid any unwanted skin reactions. If you lose skin integrity, that might mean that you’re more susceptible to damaged skin that is unable to heal after trauma or injury. Ideally, if there is a pressure wound forming, you can identify it early in the progression and get it treated so it never reaches the later stages. The key marker of quality care is the maintenance of skin integrity and prevention of pressure ulcers. diet full of beneficial vitamins and minerals. Immobilization can be a major obstacle when trying to maintain good skin integrity. When in proper health, the skin performs various vital functions. Gerontological nurses must continue the development and refinement of … Inflammatory skin disorders are manifestations—for the most part— of the immune response, which wanes with age. We will discuss what is skin integrity, the complications that can arise from losing it, and the various causes and risk factors for loss of skin health with aging. 2017 Jan;30(1):40-46. Infections of the bones and joints - As we mentioned above, if pressure wounds progress beyond the early stages, it can reach and infect the bones and joints surrounding the affected area. GENERAL PURPOSE: To provide an overview of the assessment and management of risk factors for falls in older adults. Imbalanced nutritional state - Nutrition has a direct impact on skin health. If the skin becomes injured or broken, it is generally very resilient and has an amazing ability to self-repair and heal. Geriatric skin care requires knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the skin, physiological changes that occur with aging skin that play a significant role in common geriatric skin conditions, skin assessment … Eat a balance diet that includes protein. 8. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize empirical evidence about the efficacy and effectiveness of basic skin care interventions for maintaining skin integrity in the aged. | Aging is associated with structural and functional changes of the skin that result in increased vulnerability. It could also be due to a medical procedure like a surgical incision. The age-related reduction in oil and sweat gland function (which helps to keep the skin soft and hydrated) is the main cause of dry skin. Assist with skincare routine - Help your loved one or friend stick to their skincare routine. Dry, flaky skin (xerosis) is the most common skin problem among the elderly. Let’s take a closer look at skincare tips for seniors. ●       Exposure to pollution and harmful chemicals. However, if you have paper-thin skin that cracks or splits very often, you may want to talk to your doctor to make sure that your nutrient intake is adequate. 30 NO. Apply moisturizers, ointments, and dressings as needed and recommended by the dermatologist. You might take the approach of helping them maintain good skin health, or in some cases, you might have to aid the healing process if their skin is already damaged. However, because epidermal integrity also decreases with age, the prevalence of eczematous inflammatory dermatoses is higher among persons older than 60 years. When it comes to skin integrity,there are several things you can do to promote skin health and support the healing process. If you lose sensation due to damaged skin, you could be at a higher risk of injury or danger. For more information, check out our guides on how CDPAP works, and how you can become a caregiver. Do you have a question or do you just want to speak with us? When you don’t properly maintain your skin integrity, it can result in numerous circumstances. It helps maintain optimal core temperature in your body, helps absorb and process vitamin D from the sun, keeps you hydrated by supporting electrolyte balance, among many others. But protection is one of the most important functions of your skin. Sores are most easily seen on the outside surface of the forearms, but they can occur anywhere on the body. If circulation is impaired due to cardiovascular issues or lack of mobility, then skin health might suffer as a result. Another one of the biggest contributors to poor skin integrity is sun exposure. When this does happen, it takes much longer to heal. Consult a medical professional to determine your best course of action if you experience or are currently experiencing any of the following. Identify common skin problems of the elderly or ill. 4. Despite positive characteristics, the skin is always susceptible to and at risk of injury and breakdown. But some older adults might be at a higher risk of skin damage depending on various risk factors. Pressure wounds, also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are injuries to the skin and the underlying tissue that occur as a result of the skin being under pressure for too long. The changes that can occur to skin as it ages can affect its integrity, making it more vulnerable to damage and at a higher risk of developing pressure injuries and skin tears. Research has shown that a moist environment promotes better healing when compared to a dry environment. A skin integrity problem might indicate the skin is damaged, exposed to injury or inefficient to repair and recover normally. health disciplines (eg, the physician, physical therapist, and dietitian) to plan and provide preventive treatment measures for the elderly person with potential for impaired skin integrity: pressure ulcers. Every person is unique, and so is their skin. 2 Clinicians need to focus on the assessment and management of the elderly with or at risk for impaired skin integrity. Complications as a result of pressure wounds, depending on the severity and the patient’s overall health, can range from relatively mild to, in some rare cases, life-threatening. Skin integrity assessment is an essential part of nursing care and should be conducted on admission and at least daily depending on the individual’s circumstances. Older adults with lower skin integrity might be more susceptible to a reaction after exposure to chemicals.. Dermatitis, pruritus, or itching -  If the senior person you’re caring for has a history of itchy skin, dermatitis, or pruritis, they might be at a higher risk of age-related skin issues. Explain how improving communication can prevent impaired skin integrity. A skin integrity issue might mean the skin is damaged, vulnerable to injury or unable to heal normally. But unfortunately, those with impaired sensations due to nerve damage often don’t notice the symptoms. ●       Apply a natural dermatologist recommended moisturizer regularly, especially if you have dry skin, ●       Avoid showers in water that is too hot to prevent dry and cracked skin, ●       If you have vulnerable areas in your skin, be sure to apply ointments and dressings regularly. Author information: (1)Catherine Cheung, MD, FRCPC • Geriatrician • Women's College Hospital • Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Most bedsores heal with treatment, but in some severe cases, there might not be a complete recovery. ●       Category 4 pressure ulcer - A very deep wound that might potentially reach the bones and muscles in the affected area. GOAL: Monitor the condition of skin and risk factors to ensure skin integrity Potential Interventions: Inspect skin daily with cares (done by nursing assistants) Inspect skin weekly by licensed nurse Risk assessment per protocols Documentation of skin integrity concerns (i.e., pressure ulcer) at least weekly (877) 268-3277 or Assist with movement - Help your relative get as much exercise as possible. The databases Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL (1990–2012), Scopus, SCI (February 2013) and reference lists were searched. There are a plethora of skin moisturizers out in the wild and they are not the same. Older Adults, Falls, and Skin Integrity. But it is especially critical for older adults who might be experiencing dry, flaky, or itchy skin. ●       Category 2 pressure ulcer - A blister or an open wound on the skin. As we age, it is inevitable that we will all lose some of our youthful skin due to various factors like exposure to the sun, pollution, and other factors like stress and gravity. Cancer - If the wound doesn’t heal for a long time, it can develop into a type of cancer known as squamous cell carcinoma. Mechanical trauma - Mechanical trauma refers to events like skin tears and deep scratches. Impaired circulation - Optimal circulation delivers nutrients to the skin that keep it healthy and nourished. Skin integrity refers to the health of your skin. Although reversing the lost skin integrity with aging is very impossible, it is fairly possible and doable to implement some of the actions down below to keep skin hydrated and dewy. The goal should be to always avoid pressure ulcers, and in the event they do develop, to identify and treat them immediately. Mechanical factors - Mechanical stress on the skin, such as excess friction, pressure, and shear, might contribute to skin integrity issues. Immunological deficit - If an older adult has a compromised immune system due to an underlying condition, exposure to radiation therapy, or simply old age, it might take them longer to recover from skin injuries or pressure wounds. Let’s take a closer look at some common conditions, the principles of skincare in the elderly, and how to maintain skin integrity in the elderly. Maintaining skin integrity helps ensure that the skin can perform its protective function optimally. Pressure wounds usually form over bony parts of the body, such as: Aging skin repairs itself more slowly than younger skin. How to Care for Dry Skin in the Elderly. The best way to help your care patient prevent damage due to sun exposure is to make sure they apply sunscreen before they go outside on a sunny day. When elastin breaks down, the skin can become saggy, wrinkled, and blotched. Too much sun exposure can also lead to certain types of skin cancer. Self-image and mental health - The skin is directly tied to one’s appearance and therefore can affect self-image. At no cost, we can connect you with a network of providers covered by Medicaid or Medicare. Itchy and painful skin can be very uncomfortable, and it could have a significant impact on one’s quality of life. If an older adult has visibly damaged skin, he or she might be less willing to socialize with friends or take part in community activities. We’ve covered some of the contributing factors for poor skin integrity as we age. Have a question or concern — or just want to learn more? Sensory information - The skin provides necessary sensory input about any potential dangers in the environment. Here are some of the possible conditions that can arise as a result of pressure ulcers. Long-term steroid use - Research has shown links between chronic steroid use and a higher risk of loss of skin integrity. Encourage and facilitate a healthy diet - We’ve discussed the importance of nutrition when it comes to skin health. We have strict non-discrimination and privacy policies. Skin is the largest organ covering the entire outside of the body. 6. Edema - Edema is a condition that causes swelling due to too much fluid trapped in one part of the body, usually in the extremities like hands, feet, arms, ankles, etc. Intact skin is the first line of defense against infections, the environment, and trauma. ●       Pain or itchiness - There are many conditions that can cause the skin to get painful and itchy, including pressure sores. Changes to the skin include its mechanical properties, geometry, physiology and repair, and transport and thermal properties. Apply Some Moisturizers. Below, we will discuss in detail what you can do as a caregiver to help maintain skin integrity to reduce the risk of pressure wounds, and to improve your senior client’s overall quality of life. Let’s take a look at a few of the things you might do as a CDPAP aide. CLINICAL SCENARIO An 86-year-old female patient, Mrs B., returns for a follow-up visit at the wound clinic. Lack of certain nutrients can make the skin more prone to breakouts, dryness, and damage. This results in adverse skin conditions. Your skin acts as a barrier and protects you from a variety of things like trauma, changes in outside temperature, and environmental chemicals, to name a few. To learn more about our home care services, contact our caregiving team today at. For older people with dry skin it is particularly important to achieve a balance between cleanliness and overwashing, which may damage the barrier function (Voegeli, 2008a). Dry Skin and Itching. 118-35 Queens Blvd, Suite 414, Forest Hills, NY 11375, 749 E 135th St., Suite 105, The Bronx, NY 10454, 300 Cadman Plaza West, One Pierrepont Plaza, Suite 12093,Brooklyn, NY 11201, 300 International Drive, Suite 149, Williamsville, NY 14221, 20 Miller St. Suite 200, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, 510 Clinton Square, Suite 538, Rochester, NY 14604, 4583 North St, Suite 2,  Jamesville, NY 13078, 747 Third Ave, 29th Floor, New York, NY 10017, 445 Broad Hollow Road, Suite 25 Melville, New York 11747, 73 Market Street, Suite 350, Yonkers, NY 10710, 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 414, Hauppauge, NY 11788, 418 Broadway, 2nd Floor, Albany, NY 12207, 115 Broadway, Suite #3, Newburgh NY 12550, 3900 W. Alameda Ave, Suite # 1200, Burbank, CA 91505, Now offering InstaPay4Care — Clock out &, To see if you are eligible, fill out this form. Even if these products are used, the skin must still be cleaned each time after passing urine or stool. This is true especially as you get older. Hyperthermia or hypothermia - Both hypothermia and hypothermia can leave your skin more vulnerable and susceptible to damage. Regular shifting will help avoid too much pressure on any one part of the skin. In addition, older people in hospital are likely to spend more than 23 hours per day either in bed or sitting 2. ●       Category 3 pressure ulcer - A deeper wound that might reach the layers beneath the outer skin.